Refine error handling further

Before this commit, the |expected| and |error| functions didn't halt the
parsing immediately, but triggered a regular match failure. After they
were called, the parser could backtrack, try another branches, and only
if no other branch succeeded, it triggered an exception with information
possibly based on parameters passed to the |expected| or |error|
function (this depended on positions where failures in other branches
have occurred).

While nice in theory, this solution didn't work well in practice. There
were at least two problems:

  1. Action expression could have easily triggered a match failure later
     in the input than the action itself. This resulted in the
     action-triggered failure to be shadowed by the expression-triggered
     one.

     Consider the following example:

       integer = digits:[0-9]+ {
         var result = parseInt(digits.join(""), 10);

         if (result % 2 === 0) {
           error("The number must be an odd integer.");
           return;
         }

         return result;
       }

     Given input "2", the |[0-9]+| expression would record a match
     failure at position 1 (an unsuccessful attempt to parse yet another
     digit after "2"). However, a failure triggered by the |error| call
     would occur at position 0.

     This problem could have been solved by silencing match failures in
     action expressions, but that would lead to severe performance
     problems (yes, I tried and measured). Other possible solutions are
     hacks which I didn't want to introduce into PEG.js.

  2. Triggering a match failure in action code could have lead to
     unexpected backtracking.

     Consider the following example:

       class = "[" (charRange / char)* "]"

       charRange = begin:char "-" end:char {
         if (begin.data.charCodeAt(0) > end.data.charCodeAt(0)) {
           error("Invalid character range: " + begin + "-" + end + ".");
         }

         // ...
       }

       char = [a-zA-Z0-9_\-]

     Given input "[b-a]", the |charRange| rule would fail, but the
     parser would try the |char| rule and succeed repeatedly, resulting
     in "b-a" being parsed as a sequence of three |char|'s, which it is
     not.

     This problem could have been solved by using negative predicates,
     but that would complicate the grammar and still wouldn't get rid of
     unintuitive behavior.

Given these problems I decided to change the semantics of the |expected|
and |error| functions. They don't interact with regular match failure
mechanism anymore, but they cause and immediate parse failure by
throwing an exception. I think this is more intuitive behavior with less
harmful side effects.

The disadvantage of the new approach is that one can't backtrack from an
action-triggered error. I don't see this as a big deal as I think this
will be rarely needed and one can always use a semantic predicate as a
workaround.

Speed impact
------------
Before:     993.84 kB/s
After:      998.05 kB/s
Difference: 0.42%

Size impact
-----------
Before:     1019968 b
After:      975434 b
Difference: -4.37%

(Measured by /tools/impact with Node.js v0.6.18 on x86_64 GNU/Linux.)
redux
David Majda 11 years ago
parent 9fa7301aec
commit 2f2152204a

@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ MODULES = utils \
grammar-error \
parser \
compiler/opcodes \
compiler/flags \
compiler/passes/generate-bytecode \
compiler/passes/generate-javascript \
compiler/passes/remove-proxy-rules \

@ -376,14 +376,14 @@ expression as its arguments. The action should return some JavaScript value
using the `return` statement. This value is considered match result of the
preceding expression.
To indicate a match failure, the code inside the action can invoke the
`expected` function. It takes one parameter — a description of what was expected
at the current position. This description will be used as part of a message of
the exception thrown if the match failure leads to an parse error.
The code inside an action can also invoke the `error` function. It takes one
parameter — an error message. This message will be used by the exception thrown
if the match failure leads to an parse error.
To indicate an error, the code inside the action can invoke the `expected`
function, which makes the parser throw an exception. The function takes one
parameter — a description of what was expected at the current position. This
description will be used as part of a message of the thrown exception.
The code inside an action can also invoke the `error` function, which also makes
the parser throw an exception. The function takes one parameter — an error
message. This message will be used by the thrown exception.
The code inside the action can access all variables and functions defined in the
initializer at the beginning of the grammar. Curly braces in the action code

@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
/* Bytecode instruction flags. */
module.exports = {
DONT_CHECK_FAILS: 0,
CHECK_FAILS: 1
};

@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
var utils = require("../../utils"),
op = require("../opcodes"),
flags = require("../flags");
op = require("../opcodes");
/* Generates bytecode.
*
@ -152,9 +151,9 @@ var utils = require("../../utils"),
*
* reportedPos = currPos;
*
* [23] CALL f, c, n, pc, p1, p2, ..., pN
* [23] CALL f, n, pc, p1, p2, ..., pN
*
* value = call(consts[f], c, stack[p1], ..., stack[pN]);
* value = consts[f](stack[p1], ..., stack[pN]);
* stack.pop(n);
* stack.push(value);
*
@ -207,16 +206,10 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
return condCode.concat([bodyCode.length], bodyCode);
}
function buildCall(functionIndex, checkFails, delta, env, sp) {
function buildCall(functionIndex, delta, env, sp) {
var params = utils.map( utils.values(env), function(p) { return sp - p; });
return [
op.CALL,
functionIndex,
checkFails,
delta,
params.length
].concat(params);
return [op.CALL, functionIndex, delta, params.length].concat(params);
}
function buildSimplePredicate(expression, negative, context) {
@ -255,13 +248,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
return buildSequence(
[op.REPORT_CURR_POS],
buildCall(
functionIndex,
flags.DONT_CHECK_FAILS,
0,
context.env,
context.sp
),
buildCall(functionIndex, 0, context.env, context.sp),
buildCondition(
[op.IF],
buildSequence(
@ -360,13 +347,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
[op.IF_NOT_ERROR],
buildSequence(
[op.REPORT_SAVED_POS, 1],
buildCall(
functionIndex,
flags.CHECK_FAILS,
1,
env,
context.sp + 2
)
buildCall(functionIndex, 1, env, context.sp + 2)
),
[]
),
@ -415,7 +396,6 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
[op.REPORT_SAVED_POS, node.elements.length],
buildCall(
functionIndex,
flags.CHECK_FAILS,
node.elements.length,
context.env,
context.sp

@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
var utils = require("../../utils"),
op = require("../opcodes"),
flags = require("../flags");
op = require("../opcodes");
/* Generates parser JavaScript code. */
module.exports = function(ast, options) {
@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
}
function generateCall() {
var baseLength = 5,
var baseLength = 4,
paramsLengthCode = 'bc[ip + ' + (baseLength - 1) + ']';
return [
@ -112,15 +111,11 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' params[i] = stack[stack.length - 1 - params[i]];',
'}',
'',
'if (bc[ip + 2] === ' + flags.CHECK_FAILS + ') {',
' peg$userFail = false;',
'}',
'result = peg$consts[bc[ip + 1]].apply(null, params);',
'if (bc[ip + 2] === ' + flags.CHECK_FAILS + ') {',
' if (peg$userFail) { result = peg$FAILED; }',
'}',
'',
'stack.splice(stack.length - bc[ip + 3], bc[ip + 3], result);',
'stack.splice(',
' stack.length - bc[ip + 2],',
' bc[ip + 2],',
' peg$consts[bc[ip + 1]].apply(null, params)',
');',
'',
'ip += ' + baseLength + ' + ' + paramsLengthCode + ';',
'break;'
@ -145,7 +140,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' end = bc.length,',
' ends = [],',
' stack = [],',
' params, result, i;',
' params, i;',
''
].join('\n'));
@ -277,7 +272,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' case ' + op.FAIL + ':', // FAIL e
' stack.push(peg$FAILED);',
' if (peg$silentFails === 0) {',
' peg$expected(peg$consts[bc[ip + 1]], peg$currPos);',
' peg$fail(peg$consts[bc[ip + 1]]);',
' }',
' ip += 2;',
' break;',
@ -424,7 +419,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
}
function compileCall(cond) {
var baseLength = 5,
var baseLength = 4,
paramsLength = bc[ip + baseLength - 1];
var value = c(bc[ip + 1]) + '('
@ -433,14 +428,8 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
stackIndex
).join(', ')
+ ')';
stack.pop(bc[ip + 3]);
if (bc[ip + 2] === flags.CHECK_FAILS) {
parts.push('peg$userFail = false;');
}
stack.pop(bc[ip + 2]);
parts.push(stack.push(value));
if (bc[ip + 2] === flags.CHECK_FAILS) {
parts.push('if (peg$userFail) { ' + stack.top() + ' = peg$FAILED; }');
}
ip += baseLength + paramsLength;
}
@ -597,7 +586,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
case op.FAIL: // FAIL e
parts.push(stack.push('peg$FAILED'));
parts.push('if (peg$silentFails === 0) { peg$expected(' + c(bc[ip + 1]) + ', peg$currPos); }');
parts.push('if (peg$silentFails === 0) { peg$fail(' + c(bc[ip + 1]) + '); }');
ip += 2;
break;
@ -745,9 +734,7 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' peg$cachedPosDetails = { line: 1, column: 1, seenCR: false },',
' peg$maxFailPos = 0,',
' peg$maxFailExpected = [],',
' peg$maxFailMessage = null,',
' peg$silentFails = 0,', // 0 = report failures, > 0 = silence failures
' peg$userFail = false,',
''
].join('\n'));
@ -801,20 +788,15 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' }',
'',
' function expected(description) {',
' if (peg$silentFails === 0) {',
' peg$expected(',
' { type: "other", description: description },',
' peg$reportedPos',
' );',
' }',
' peg$userFail = true;',
' throw peg$buildException(',
' null,',
' [{ type: "other", description: description }],',
' peg$reportedPos',
' );',
' }',
'',
' function error(message) {',
' if (peg$silentFails === 0) {',
' peg$error(message, peg$reportedPos);',
' }',
' peg$userFail = true;',
' throw peg$buildException(message, null, peg$reportedPos);',
' }',
'',
' function peg$computePosDetails(pos) {',
@ -850,31 +832,18 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' return peg$cachedPosDetails;',
' }',
'',
' function peg$expected(expected, pos) {',
' if (pos < peg$maxFailPos) { return; }',
' function peg$fail(expected) {',
' if (peg$currPos < peg$maxFailPos) { return; }',
'',
' if (pos > peg$maxFailPos) {',
' peg$maxFailPos = pos;',
' if (peg$currPos > peg$maxFailPos) {',
' peg$maxFailPos = peg$currPos;',
' peg$maxFailExpected = [];',
' peg$maxFailMessage = null;',
' }',
'',
' peg$maxFailExpected.push(expected);',
' }',
'',
' function peg$error(message, pos) {',
' if (pos < peg$maxFailPos) { return; }',
'',
' if (pos > peg$maxFailPos) {',
' peg$maxFailPos = pos;',
' peg$maxFailExpected = [];',
' peg$maxFailMessage = null;',
' }',
'',
' peg$maxFailMessage = message;',
' }',
'',
' function peg$buildException() {',
' function peg$buildException(message, expected, pos) {',
' function cleanupExpected(expected) {',
' var i = 1;',
'',
@ -888,8 +857,13 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' }',
' });',
'',
/*
* This works because the bytecode generator guarantees that every
* expectation object exists only once, so it's enough to use |===| instead
* of deeper structural comparison.
*/
' while (i < expected.length) {',
' if (expected[i - 1].description === expected[i].description) {',
' if (expected[i - 1] === expected[i]) {',
' expected.splice(i, 1);',
' } else {',
' i++;',
@ -953,20 +927,15 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' return "Expected " + expectedDesc + " but " + foundDesc + " found.";',
' }',
'',
' var pos = Math.max(peg$currPos, peg$maxFailPos),',
' posDetails = peg$computePosDetails(pos),',
' expected = peg$maxFailMessage === null ? peg$maxFailExpected : null,',
' found = pos < input.length ? input.charAt(pos) : null,',
' message = peg$maxFailMessage !== null',
' ? peg$maxFailMessage',
' : buildMessage(expected, found);',
' var posDetails = peg$computePosDetails(pos),',
' found = pos < input.length ? input.charAt(pos) : null;',
'',
' if (expected !== null) {',
' cleanupExpected(expected);',
' }',
'',
' return new SyntaxError(',
' message,',
' message !== null ? message : buildMessage(expected, found),',
' expected,',
' found,',
' pos,',
@ -1003,7 +972,11 @@ module.exports = function(ast, options) {
' if (peg$result !== peg$FAILED && peg$currPos === input.length) {',
' return peg$result;',
' } else {',
' throw peg$buildException();',
' throw peg$buildException(',
' null,',
' peg$maxFailExpected,',
' Math.max(peg$currPos, peg$maxFailPos)',
' );',
' }',
' }',
'',

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
"examples/json.pegjs",
"lib/compiler.js",
"lib/compiler/opcodes.js",
"lib/compiler/flags.js",
"lib/compiler/passes/generate-bytecode.js",
"lib/compiler/passes/generate-javascript.js",
"lib/compiler/passes/remove-proxy-rules.js",

@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ describe("compiler pass |generateBytecode|", function() {
it("generates correct bytecode", function() {
expect(pass).toChangeAST(grammar, bytecodeDetails([
1, // PUSH_CURR_POS
0, 0, // PUSH
12, 7, 0, // IF_NOT_ERROR
21, 1, // * REPORT_SAVED_POS
23, 1, 1, 1, 0, // CALL
11, 1, 1, // IF_ERROR
6, // * NIP_CURR_POS
5 // * NIP
1, // PUSH_CURR_POS
0, 0, // PUSH
12, 6, 0, // IF_NOT_ERROR
21, 1, // * REPORT_SAVED_POS
23, 1, 1, 0, // CALL
11, 1, 1, // IF_ERROR
6, // * NIP_CURR_POS
5 // * NIP
]));
});
@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ describe("compiler pass |generateBytecode|", function() {
expect(pass).toChangeAST(grammar, bytecodeDetails([
1, // PUSH_CURR_POS
15, 0, 2, 2, 19, 0, 20, 1, // <expression>
12, 8, 0, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 7, 0, // IF_NOT_ERROR
21, 1, // * REPORT_SAVED_POS
23, 2, 1, 1, 1, 0, // CALL
23, 2, 1, 1, 0, // CALL
11, 1, 1, // IF_ERROR
6, // * NIP_CURR_POS
5 // * NIP
@ -139,13 +139,13 @@ describe("compiler pass |generateBytecode|", function() {
expect(pass).toChangeAST(grammar, bytecodeDetails([
1, // PUSH_CURR_POS
15, 1, 2, 2, 19, 1, 20, 2, // <elements[0]>
12, 47, 4, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 46, 4, // IF_NOT_ERROR
15, 3, 2, 2, 19, 3, 20, 4, // * <elements[1]>
12, 31, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 30, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
15, 5, 2, 2, 19, 5, 20, 6, // * <elements[2]>
12, 15, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 14, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
21, 3, // * REPORT_SAVED_POS
23, 7, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, // CALL
23, 7, 3, 3, 2, 1, 0, // CALL
11, 1, 1, // IF_ERROR
6, // * NIP_CURR_POS
5, // * NIP
@ -315,13 +315,13 @@ describe("compiler pass |generateBytecode|", function() {
it("generates correct bytecode", function() {
expect(pass).toChangeAST(grammar, bytecodeDetails([
22, // REPORT_CURR_POS
23, 0, 0, 0, 0, // CALL
10, 3, 3, // IF
2, // * POP
0, 1, // PUSH
2, // * POP
0, 2 // PUSH
22, // REPORT_CURR_POS
23, 0, 0, 0, // CALL
10, 3, 3, // IF
2, // * POP
0, 1, // PUSH
2, // * POP
0, 2 // PUSH
]));
});
@ -340,13 +340,13 @@ describe("compiler pass |generateBytecode|", function() {
expect(pass).toChangeAST(grammar, bytecodeDetails([
1, // PUSH_CURR_POS
15, 1, 2, 2, 19, 1, 20, 2, // <elements[0]>
12, 61, 4, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 60, 4, // IF_NOT_ERROR
15, 3, 2, 2, 19, 3, 20, 4, // * <elements[1]>
12, 45, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 44, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
15, 5, 2, 2, 19, 5, 20, 6, // * <elements[2]>
12, 29, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 28, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
22, // * REPORT_CURR_POS
23, 7, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, // CALL
23, 7, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, // CALL
10, 3, 3, // IF
2, // * POP
0, 8, // PUSH
@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ describe("compiler pass |generateBytecode|", function() {
it("generates correct bytecode", function() {
expect(pass).toChangeAST(grammar, bytecodeDetails([
22, // REPORT_CURR_POS
23, 0, 0, 0, 0, // CALL_PREDICATE
10, 3, 3, // IF
2, // * POP
0, 2, // PUSH
2, // * POP
0, 1 // PUSH
22, // REPORT_CURR_POS
23, 0, 0, 0, // CALL_PREDICATE
10, 3, 3, // IF
2, // * POP
0, 2, // PUSH
2, // * POP
0, 1 // PUSH
]));
});
@ -417,13 +417,13 @@ describe("compiler pass |generateBytecode|", function() {
expect(pass).toChangeAST(grammar, bytecodeDetails([
1, // PUSH_CURR_POS
15, 1, 2, 2, 19, 1, 20, 2, // <elements[0]>
12, 61, 4, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 60, 4, // IF_NOT_ERROR
15, 3, 2, 2, 19, 3, 20, 4, // * <elements[1]>
12, 45, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 44, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
15, 5, 2, 2, 19, 5, 20, 6, // * <elements[2]>
12, 29, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
12, 28, 5, // IF_NOT_ERROR
22, // * REPORT_CURR_POS
23, 7, 0, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, // CALL
23, 7, 0, 3, 2, 1, 0, // CALL
10, 3, 3, // IF
2, // * POP
0, 0, // PUSH

@ -337,117 +337,35 @@ describe("generated parser", function() {
expect(parser).toParse("a", 42);
});
describe("|expected| function", function() {
it("generates a regular match failure", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" { expected("a"); }',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
offset: 0,
line: 1,
column: 1,
expected: [{ type: "other", description: "a" }],
found: "a",
message: 'Expected a but "a" found.'
});
});
it("generated failures combine with failures generated before", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" / ("b" { expected("b"); })',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("b", {
expected: [
{ type: "literal", value: "a", description: '"a"' },
{ type: "other", description: "b" }
]
});
});
it("generated failures combine with failures generated after", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = ("a" { expected("a"); }) / "b"',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
expected: [
{ type: "literal", value: "b", description: '"b"' },
{ type: "other", description: "a" }
]
});
});
it("multiple invocations generate additional failures", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" { expected("a1"); expected("a2"); }',
options
);
it("can use the |expected| function to trigger an error", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" { expected("a"); }',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
expected: [
{ type: "other", description: "a1" },
{ type: "other", description: "a2" }
]
});
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
message: 'Expected a but "a" found.',
expected: [{ type: "other", description: "a" }],
found: "a",
offset: 0,
line: 1,
column: 1
});
});
describe("|error| function", function() {
it("generates a custom match failure", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" { error("a"); }',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
offset: 0,
line: 1,
column: 1,
expected: null,
found: "a",
message: "a"
});
});
it("generated failures overrides failures generated before", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" / ("b" { error("b"); })',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("b", {
message: "b",
expected: null
});
});
it("generated failures override failures generated after", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = ("a" { error("a"); }) / "b"',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
message: "a",
expected: null
});
});
it("the last invocation wins", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" { error("a1"); error("a2"); }',
options
);
it("can use the |error| function to trigger an error", function() {
var parser = PEG.buildParser(
'start = "a" { error("a"); }',
options
);
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
message: "a2",
expected: null
});
expect(parser).toFailToParse("a", {
message: "a",
expected: null,
found: "a",
offset: 0,
line: 1,
column: 1
});
});

@ -270,7 +270,6 @@ classCharacterRange
error(
"Invalid character range: " + begin.rawText + "-" + end.rawText + "."
);
return;
}
return {

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