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Changed action parameter processing to avoid the arguments object.

Browse source 
The action now computes the number of passed parameters during the code
generation and the parameters are declared directly as $1, $2, etc. in the
generated function.

This does not speed up the benchmark suite execution statistically significantly
on V8.

Detailed results (benchmark suite totals):

---------------------------------
 Test #     Before       After
---------------------------------
      1   28.68 kB/s   29.08 kB/s
      2   28.77 kB/s   28.72 kB/s
      3   28.89 kB/s   28.78 kB/s
      4   28.84 kB/s   28.57 kB/s
      5   28.86 kB/s   28.84 kB/s
---------------------------------
Average   28.81 kB/s   28.80 kB/s
---------------------------------

Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US) AppleWebKit/533.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/5.0.342.9 Safari/533.2
This commit is contained in:
David Majda 2010-04-24 14:34:51 +02:00
parent a1dcd245bb
commit e3aa4df090
3 changed files with 119 additions and 80 deletions
Show stats Download patch file Download diff file Expand all files Collapse all files

58
lib/compiler.js
View file

@ -43,6 +43,20 @@ PEG.buildParser = function(grammar, startRule) {
/* Array manipulation utility functions. */ /* Array manipulation utility functions. */
PEG.ArrayUtils = { PEG.ArrayUtils = {
/* Like Python's |range|, but without |step|. */
range: function(start, stop) {
if (stop === undefined) {
stop = start;
start = 0;
}
var result = new Array(Math.max(0, stop - start));
for (var i = 0, j = start; j < stop; i++, j++) {
result[i] = j;
}
return result;
},
/* /*
* The code needs to be in sync with a code template in * The code needs to be in sync with a code template in
* PEG.Grammar.Action.prototype.compile. * PEG.Grammar.Action.prototype.compile.
@ -194,6 +208,10 @@ PEG.Grammar.Any = function() {};
PEG.Grammar.Sequence = function(elements) { this._elements = elements; }; PEG.Grammar.Sequence = function(elements) { this._elements = elements; };
PEG.Grammar.Sequence.prototype = {
getElements: function() { return this._elements; }
};
PEG.Grammar.Choice = function(alternatives) { PEG.Grammar.Choice = function(alternatives) {
this._alternatives = alternatives; this._alternatives = alternatives;
}; };
@ -991,28 +1009,34 @@ PEG.Grammar.RuleRef.prototype.compile = function(resultVar) {
}; };
PEG.Grammar.Action.prototype.compile = function(resultVar) { PEG.Grammar.Action.prototype.compile = function(resultVar) {
var expressionResultVar = PEG.Compiler.generateUniqueIdentifier("result");
var actionCode = this._action.replace(
/\$(\d+)/g,
function(match, digits) {
return PEG.Compiler.formatCode(
"(arguments[${index}])",
{ index: parseInt(digits) - 1 }
);
}
)
var actionFunction = PEG.Compiler.formatCode(
"function() { ${actionCode} }",
{ actionCode: actionCode }
);
/* /*
* In case of sequences, we splat their elements into function arguments one * In case of sequences, we splat their elements into function arguments one
* by one. Example: * by one. Example:
* *
* start: "a" "b" "c" { alert(arguments.length) } // => "3" * start: "a" "b" "c" { alert(arguments.length) } // => 3
*
* This behavior is reflected in this function.
*/ */
var expressionResultVar = PEG.Compiler.generateUniqueIdentifier("result");
var paramCount = this._expression instanceof PEG.Grammar.Sequence
? this._expression.getElements().length
: 1;
var params = PEG.ArrayUtils.map(
PEG.ArrayUtils.range(1, paramCount + 1),
function(n) { return "$" + n; }
).join(", ");
var actionFunction = PEG.Compiler.formatCode(
"function(${params}) { ${action} }",
{
params: params,
action: this._action
}
);
var invokeFunctionName = this._expression instanceof PEG.Grammar.Sequence var invokeFunctionName = this._expression instanceof PEG.Grammar.Sequence
? "apply" ? "apply"
: "call"; : "call";

126
lib/metagrammar.js
View file

@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos0; this._pos = savedPos0;
} }
var result0 = result1 !== null var result0 = result1 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2) {
var result = {}; var result = {};
PEG.ArrayUtils.each((arguments[1]), function(rule) { result[rule.getName()] = rule; }); PEG.ArrayUtils.each($2, function(rule) { result[rule.getName()] = rule; });
return result; return result;
}).apply(this, result1) }).apply(this, result1)
: null; : null;
@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos1; this._pos = savedPos1;
} }
var result5 = result6 !== null var result5 = result6 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2, $3, $4) {
return new PEG.Grammar.Rule((arguments[0]), (arguments[1]) !== "" ? (arguments[1]) : null, (arguments[3])); return new PEG.Grammar.Rule($1, $2 !== "" ? $2 : null, $4);
}).apply(this, result6) }).apply(this, result6)
: null; : null;
@ -246,13 +246,13 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos2; this._pos = savedPos2;
} }
var result14 = result15 !== null var result14 = result15 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2) {
return (arguments[1]).length > 0 return $2.length > 0
? new PEG.Grammar.Choice([(arguments[0])].concat(PEG.ArrayUtils.map( ? new PEG.Grammar.Choice([$1].concat(PEG.ArrayUtils.map(
(arguments[1]), $2,
function(element) { return element[1]; } function(element) { return element[1]; }
))) )))
: (arguments[0]); : $1;
}).apply(this, result15) }).apply(this, result15)
: null; : null;
@ -296,10 +296,10 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos4; this._pos = savedPos4;
} }
var result25 = result26 !== null var result25 = result26 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2) {
return new PEG.Grammar.Action( return new PEG.Grammar.Action(
(arguments[0]).length != 1 ? new PEG.Grammar.Sequence((arguments[0])) : (arguments[0])[0], $1.length != 1 ? new PEG.Grammar.Sequence($1) : $1[0],
(arguments[1]) $2
); );
}).apply(this, result26) }).apply(this, result26)
: null; : null;
@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
var result24 = this._parse_prefixed(context); var result24 = this._parse_prefixed(context);
} }
var result22 = result23 !== null var result22 = result23 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]).length != 1 ? new PEG.Grammar.Sequence((arguments[0])) : (arguments[0])[0]; }).call(this, result23) ? (function($1) { return $1.length != 1 ? new PEG.Grammar.Sequence($1) : $1[0]; }).call(this, result23)
: null; : null;
if (result22 !== null) { if (result22 !== null) {
var result21 = result22; var result21 = result22;
@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos6; this._pos = savedPos6;
} }
var result36 = result37 !== null var result36 = result37 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.AndPredicate((arguments[1])); }).apply(this, result37) ? (function($1, $2) { return new PEG.Grammar.AndPredicate($2); }).apply(this, result37)
: null; : null;
if (result36 !== null) { if (result36 !== null) {
var result30 = result36; var result30 = result36;
@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos5; this._pos = savedPos5;
} }
var result32 = result33 !== null var result32 = result33 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.NotPredicate((arguments[1])); }).apply(this, result33) ? (function($1, $2) { return new PEG.Grammar.NotPredicate($2); }).apply(this, result33)
: null; : null;
if (result32 !== null) { if (result32 !== null) {
var result30 = result32; var result30 = result32;
@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos9; this._pos = savedPos9;
} }
var result50 = result51 !== null var result50 = result51 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.Optional((arguments[0])); }).apply(this, result51) ? (function($1, $2) { return new PEG.Grammar.Optional($1); }).apply(this, result51)
: null; : null;
if (result50 !== null) { if (result50 !== null) {
var result40 = result50; var result40 = result50;
@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos8; this._pos = savedPos8;
} }
var result46 = result47 !== null var result46 = result47 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.ZeroOrMore((arguments[0])); }).apply(this, result47) ? (function($1, $2) { return new PEG.Grammar.ZeroOrMore($1); }).apply(this, result47)
: null; : null;
if (result46 !== null) { if (result46 !== null) {
var result40 = result46; var result40 = result46;
@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos7; this._pos = savedPos7;
} }
var result42 = result43 !== null var result42 = result43 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.OneOrMore((arguments[0])); }).apply(this, result43) ? (function($1, $2) { return new PEG.Grammar.OneOrMore($1); }).apply(this, result43)
: null; : null;
if (result42 !== null) { if (result42 !== null) {
var result40 = result42; var result40 = result42;
@ -557,28 +557,28 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos11; this._pos = savedPos11;
} }
var result66 = result67 !== null var result66 = result67 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.RuleRef((arguments[0])); }).apply(this, result67) ? (function($1, $2) { return new PEG.Grammar.RuleRef($1); }).apply(this, result67)
: null; : null;
if (result66 !== null) { if (result66 !== null) {
var result54 = result66; var result54 = result66;
} else { } else {
var result65 = this._parse_literal(context); var result65 = this._parse_literal(context);
var result64 = result65 !== null var result64 = result65 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.Literal((arguments[0])); }).call(this, result65) ? (function($1) { return new PEG.Grammar.Literal($1); }).call(this, result65)
: null; : null;
if (result64 !== null) { if (result64 !== null) {
var result54 = result64; var result54 = result64;
} else { } else {
var result63 = this._parse_dot(context); var result63 = this._parse_dot(context);
var result62 = result63 !== null var result62 = result63 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.Any(); }).call(this, result63) ? (function($1) { return new PEG.Grammar.Any(); }).call(this, result63)
: null; : null;
if (result62 !== null) { if (result62 !== null) {
var result54 = result62; var result54 = result62;
} else { } else {
var result61 = this._parse_class(context); var result61 = this._parse_class(context);
var result60 = result61 !== null var result60 = result61 !== null
? (function() { return new PEG.Grammar.Class((arguments[0])); }).call(this, result61) ? (function($1) { return new PEG.Grammar.Class($1); }).call(this, result61)
: null; : null;
if (result60 !== null) { if (result60 !== null) {
var result54 = result60; var result54 = result60;
@ -604,7 +604,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos10; this._pos = savedPos10;
} }
var result55 = result56 !== null var result55 = result56 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[1]); }).apply(this, result56) ? (function($1, $2, $3) { return $2; }).apply(this, result56)
: null; : null;
if (result55 !== null) { if (result55 !== null) {
var result54 = result55; var result54 = result55;
@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos14; this._pos = savedPos14;
} }
var result75 = result76 !== null var result75 = result76 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]).substr(1, (arguments[0]).length - 2); }).apply(this, result76) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1.substr(1, $1.length - 2); }).apply(this, result76)
: null; : null;
context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures; context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures;
if (context.reportMatchFailures && result75 === null) { if (context.reportMatchFailures && result75 === null) {
@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos15; this._pos = savedPos15;
} }
var result79 = result80 !== null var result79 = result80 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]) + (arguments[1]).join("") + (arguments[2]); }).apply(this, result80) ? (function($1, $2, $3) { return $1 + $2.join("") + $3; }).apply(this, result80)
: null; : null;
@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
var result88 = null; var result88 = null;
} }
var result87 = result88 !== null var result87 = result88 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]).join(""); }).call(this, result88) ? (function($1) { return $1.join(""); }).call(this, result88)
: null; : null;
@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
} }
} }
var result90 = result91 !== null var result90 = result91 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).call(this, result91) ? (function($1) { return $1; }).call(this, result91)
: null; : null;
@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos16; this._pos = savedPos16;
} }
var result92 = result93 !== null var result92 = result93 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result93) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result93)
: null; : null;
@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos17; this._pos = savedPos17;
} }
var result96 = result97 !== null var result96 = result97 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result97) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result97)
: null; : null;
@ -944,7 +944,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos18; this._pos = savedPos18;
} }
var result100 = result101 !== null var result100 = result101 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result101) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result101)
: null; : null;
@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos19; this._pos = savedPos19;
} }
var result104 = result105 !== null var result104 = result105 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result105) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result105)
: null; : null;
@ -1036,7 +1036,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos20; this._pos = savedPos20;
} }
var result108 = result109 !== null var result108 = result109 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result109) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result109)
: null; : null;
@ -1082,7 +1082,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos21; this._pos = savedPos21;
} }
var result112 = result113 !== null var result112 = result113 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result113) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result113)
: null; : null;
@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos22; this._pos = savedPos22;
} }
var result116 = result117 !== null var result116 = result117 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result117) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result117)
: null; : null;
@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos23; this._pos = savedPos23;
} }
var result120 = result121 !== null var result120 = result121 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result121) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result121)
: null; : null;
@ -1220,7 +1220,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos24; this._pos = savedPos24;
} }
var result124 = result125 !== null var result124 = result125 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result125) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result125)
: null; : null;
@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos25; this._pos = savedPos25;
} }
var result128 = result129 !== null var result128 = result129 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result129) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result129)
: null; : null;
@ -1419,8 +1419,8 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos26; this._pos = savedPos26;
} }
var result132 = result133 !== null var result132 = result133 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2, $3) {
return (arguments[0]) + (arguments[1]).join(""); return $1 + $2.join("");
}).apply(this, result133) }).apply(this, result133)
: null; : null;
context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures; context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures;
@ -1472,7 +1472,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos27; this._pos = savedPos27;
} }
var result145 = result146 !== null var result145 = result146 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[0]); }).apply(this, result146) ? (function($1, $2) { return $1; }).apply(this, result146)
: null; : null;
context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures; context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures;
if (context.reportMatchFailures && result145 === null) { if (context.reportMatchFailures && result145 === null) {
@ -1539,7 +1539,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos28; this._pos = savedPos28;
} }
var result151 = result152 !== null var result151 = result152 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[1]).join(""); }).apply(this, result152) ? (function($1, $2, $3) { return $2.join(""); }).apply(this, result152)
: null; : null;
@ -1678,7 +1678,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos29; this._pos = savedPos29;
} }
var result164 = result165 !== null var result164 = result165 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[1]); }).apply(this, result165) ? (function($1, $2) { return $2; }).apply(this, result165)
: null; : null;
@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos31; this._pos = savedPos31;
} }
var result172 = result173 !== null var result172 = result173 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[1]).join(""); }).apply(this, result173) ? (function($1, $2, $3) { return $2.join(""); }).apply(this, result173)
: null; : null;
@ -1882,7 +1882,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos32; this._pos = savedPos32;
} }
var result185 = result186 !== null var result185 = result186 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[1]); }).apply(this, result186) ? (function($1, $2) { return $2; }).apply(this, result186)
: null; : null;
@ -1989,8 +1989,8 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos34; this._pos = savedPos34;
} }
var result193 = result194 !== null var result193 = result194 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) {
return (arguments[1]) + (arguments[2]).join(""); return $2 + $3.join("");
}).apply(this, result194) }).apply(this, result194)
: null; : null;
context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures; context.reportMatchFailures = savedReportMatchFailures;
@ -2045,20 +2045,20 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos35; this._pos = savedPos35;
} }
var result204 = result205 !== null var result204 = result205 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2, $3) {
if ((arguments[0]).charCodeAt(0) > (arguments[2]).charCodeAt(0)) { if ($1.charCodeAt(0) > $3.charCodeAt(0)) {
throw new this.SyntaxError( throw new this.SyntaxError(
"Invalid character range: " "Invalid character range: "
+ PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass((arguments[0])) + PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass($1)
+ "-" + "-"
+ PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass((arguments[2])) + PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass($3)
+ "." + "."
); );
} }
return PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass((arguments[0])) return PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass($1)
+ "-" + "-"
+ PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass((arguments[2])); + PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass($3);
}).apply(this, result205) }).apply(this, result205)
: null; : null;
@ -2084,8 +2084,8 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
var result210 = this._parse_bracketDelimitedCharacter(context); var result210 = this._parse_bracketDelimitedCharacter(context);
var result209 = result210 !== null var result209 = result210 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1) {
return PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass((arguments[0])); return PEG.RegExpUtils.quoteForClass($1);
}).call(this, result210) }).call(this, result210)
: null; : null;
@ -2225,7 +2225,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos36; this._pos = savedPos36;
} }
var result218 = result219 !== null var result218 = result219 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[1]); }).apply(this, result219) ? (function($1, $2) { return $2; }).apply(this, result219)
: null; : null;
@ -2331,8 +2331,8 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos38; this._pos = savedPos38;
} }
var result226 = result227 !== null var result226 = result227 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2, $3) {
return (arguments[2]) return $3
.replace("b", "\b") .replace("b", "\b")
.replace("f", "\f") .replace("f", "\f")
.replace("n", "\n") .replace("n", "\n")
@ -2395,7 +2395,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos40; this._pos = savedPos40;
} }
var result236 = result237 !== null var result236 = result237 !== null
? (function() { return "\0"; }).apply(this, result237) ? (function($1, $2) { return "\0"; }).apply(this, result237)
: null; : null;
@ -2447,8 +2447,8 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos42; this._pos = savedPos42;
} }
var result241 = result242 !== null var result241 = result242 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2, $3) {
return String.fromCharCode(parseInt("0x" + (arguments[1]) + (arguments[2]))); return String.fromCharCode(parseInt("0x" + $2 + $3));
}).apply(this, result242) }).apply(this, result242)
: null; : null;
@ -2513,8 +2513,8 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos43; this._pos = savedPos43;
} }
var result246 = result247 !== null var result246 = result247 !== null
? (function() { ? (function($1, $2, $3, $4, $5) {
return String.fromCharCode(parseInt("0x" + (arguments[1]) + (arguments[2]) + (arguments[3]) + (arguments[4]))); return String.fromCharCode(parseInt("0x" + $2 + $3 + $4 + $5));
}).apply(this, result247) }).apply(this, result247)
: null; : null;
@ -2561,7 +2561,7 @@ PEG.grammarParser = (function(){
this._pos = savedPos44; this._pos = savedPos44;
} }
var result253 = result254 !== null var result253 = result254 !== null
? (function() { return (arguments[1]); }).apply(this, result254) ? (function($1, $2) { return $2; }).apply(this, result254)
: null; : null;

15
test/compiler-test.js
View file

@ -61,6 +61,21 @@ global.doesNotParseWithPos = function(parser, input, line, column) {
module("PEG.ArrayUtils"); module("PEG.ArrayUtils");
test("range", function() {
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(-1), []);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(0), []);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(1), [0]);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(2), [0, 1]);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(3), [0, 1, 2]);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(0, -1), []);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(0, 0), []);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(0, 1), [0]);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(0, 2), [0, 1]);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(0, 3), [0, 1, 2]);
deepEqual(PEG.ArrayUtils.range(-3, 0), [-3, -2, -1]);
});
test("contains", function() { test("contains", function() {
ok(!PEG.ArrayUtils.contains([], 42)); ok(!PEG.ArrayUtils.contains([], 42));